propaganda was accompanied by a totally unrealistic picture of the war. At one point, government spokesmen claimed that Pakistan had knocked out 123 Indian aircraft to a loss of seven of their own, a most unlikely kill ratio of nearly 18-to-l. Islamabad insisted that Pakistani forces were still holding on to the city of Jessore even though newsmen rode into the city only hours after its liberation.
Late last week, however, President Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan's government appeared to be getting ready to prepare its people for, the truth, the East is lost. An official spokesman admitted for the first time that the Pakistani air force was no longer operating in the East. Pakistani forces were “handicapped in the face of a superior enemy- war machine" he said, and were outnumbered six to one by the Indians in terms of men and material-a superiority that seemed slightly exaggerated.
Sikhs and Gurkhas
As the fate of Bangladesh, and of Pakistan itself, was being decided in the East. Indian and Pakistani forces were making painful" slabs at one another along the 1,400- mile border that reaches from the city heights of Kashmir through the flat plains of the Punjab- down to the desert of western India. There the battle was being waged by bearded Sikhs wearing khaki turbans, tough flat-faced Gurkhas, who carry a curved knife known as a kukri in their belts, and many other ethnic strains. Mostly, the action was confined to border thrusts by both sides to straighten out salient that are difficult to defend.
The battles have pitted planes, tanks, artillery against each other and in fact both material losses and casualties apper to have run far higher than in the east. Most of the sites were the very places where the two armies slugged it out in their last war in 1965. Yet there were no all out offensives. The Indian army's lactic was to maintain a defensive posture, launching no attacks except where they assisted its defenses.
Old Boy Attitude
The bloodiest action was at Chhamb, a Hat plateau about six miles from the ceasefire line that, since 1949, has divided the disputed Kashmir region almost equally between Pakistan and India. The Pakistanis were putting up “a most determined attack", according to an Indian spokesman, who admitted that Indian casualties had been heavy. But he added that Pakistani casualties were heavier. The Pakistani aim was to strike for the Indian city of Jammu and the 200-mile-long Jammu-Srinagar highway, which links India with the Vale of Kashmir. The Indians were forced to retreat from the west bank of the Munawar Rawi River, where they had tried desperately to hold on.
Except for Chhamb and other isolated battles, both sides seemed to be going about the war with an “old boy" attitude: “If you don't really hit my important bases, I won't bomb yours". Behind all this, of course, is the fact that many Indian and Pakistani officers. Including the two countries' commanding generals, went school with one another at Sandhurst or Dehra Dun, India's commanding general in the east, Lieut. - General Jagjit Singh Aurora, was a classmate of Pakistan's President Yahya. “We went to school together to learn how best to kill each other,” said one Indian officer.
