বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ দলিলপত্রঃ তৃতীয় পত্র
a few unavoidable factors: (a) limit of the physical capacity, (b) limit of knowledge, and (c) limit of time in a hierarchical organisation the men on the top depends on the man immediately below him, who in his turn depends on the man below him until the base is reached.
The principle of collegium leads to an organisation where all the people at the top enjoy more or less similar status and power. The best example of this type of organisation is the British Cabinet in Which the members are colleagues, none superior, none inferior, that is, all are equal, although the Prime Minister is primus inter pares-first among equals. There are other types of organisation such as the Board type or the Commission type such as the Board of Governors of a public corporation or a Planning Commission, and soon.
Most ministries, Departments and other organizations all over the world are based on the principle of hierarchy. Bangladesh can be no exception.
Principles relating to the Distribution of Work
The criteria by which the total volume of governmental business is distributed among various Ministries and Departments include: (a) Purpose or function; (b) work process; (c) clientele; and (d) geography. When all the units of an organisation, which are devoted to the same purpose or function, are grouped together in a single Ministry or Department, this is called a purpose or function-based organisation, such as the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, and so on. This criterion is widely used all over the world in regard to most of the Ministries and Departments. When all the people who use or apply the same or similar instruments or apparatus, are brought together in a single Ministry or Departments on the basis of the concept, “work process". This is called organizing a Ministry on work process. The examples are Ministry of Works which employees the engineers or the Ministry of Public Health which employees all the doctors and so on. When a Ministry or Department is created to serve the needs of a particular class of people, this is called an organisation based on clientele, such as the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Refugees, and so on. When all the different types of employees or personnel serving more or less the total needs of a particular area of the country are brought together under a single authority or Department, this is creating an authority on the basis of geography, such as the Tennsse Valley Authority in the U. S. A. or the Volta River Scheme in Ghana or the Snowy-Murray Project in Australia and so on.
There are other factors which play a very important part in determining the size of a Ministry or Department include: the manageability of the charge of a Secretary, the substantial homogeneity of functions, the constitutional provisions, and the traditions of a country.
It is important to realize that the unquestioned position of one Secretary as principal adviser to a Minister shall be stressed and made real in an organizational reconstruction. The Maxwell Committee as early as 1937 emphasized the unity of administrative control of each Ministry and Department and the concentration of responsibility for advising the Minister on all matters relating to a ministry in one officer. In the view of the Committee, “the principle of collective ministerial responsibility has for its counterpart the individual responsibility of one departmental head to the ministry and the minister; no other
