পাতা:বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ দলিলপত্র (তৃতীয় খণ্ড).pdf/৯১৯

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887 বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ দলিলপত্রঃ তৃতীয় পত্র c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment, d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording by the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples. 2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for (international law documents 1950-51, Naval War College USA Volume XLVII, Page 82). These provisions apply primarily to civil wars in cases in which there has been no recognition ofbelligerency (Oppenheim) Volume II, Page 370). IX) Pakistan refused to give permission to the members of the International Committee of the Red Cross to go to Bangladesh to offer relief and other aid to the victims. One paragraph of Art.3 of the Geneva Convention of 1949 which applies to a conflict not of an international character meaning a civil war says "an impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of Red Cross, may offer its services to the parties to the conflict." The Red Cross offer its services but Pakistan refused to grant permission. X) The 4" Geneva Convention of 1949 which deals with protection of civilian person in times of war. XI) WARFARE RULES Violence of warfare rules: The Hague and Geneva Conventions safeguarding prisoners and non-combatence. The key theme is proportionately that is may not go beyond strict military requirements. The purpose is practical as well as humane: indiscriminating killing demoralized arms turned civilians into guerillas and endangered soldiers captured by an incensed enemy. According to US Arm Field Manual 27-10 (the law of land warfare), the law" requires that belligerents refrain from employing any kind or degree of violence which is not actually necessary for military purposes, and that they conduct hostilities with regard for the principle of humanity and chivalry". The rules protect defeated enemy troops, the wounded parachuting airmen and other helpless people forbidden weapons including bullets and poison. Forbidden targets include Hospitals, Churches, Museums and coastal fishing boats unless used for military purposes. Torture, looting and political assassinations are band. Reprisals are permitted against illegal enemy acts to only on orders from Commanders and never, against civilians who may not be punished without trial before a court. Crime against peace and crime against humanity The 1949 Geneva Convention says "individual and mass force able are prohibited regardless of their motive". It further says" persons taking no active part in the hostilities shall in all circumstances be treated "humanely." Among specific prohibitions: "collective penalties" such as burning villages that may harbor guerillas. The 1907 Hague Convention prohibits "the attack or bombardment, by whatever means, on towns, villages, dwellings or buildings which are undefended".