Some other irregularities
(d) Lesser leaders of government bypassed, twisted or contravened elementary principles of representative government whenever they sensed danger to their power. A provincial ministry was so frightened by the unfavorable results of a single byelection that it decided not to hold elections in anyone of the 34 constituencies whose representatives had vacated their seats in the Legislature for one reason or another in the course of a few years. In the same province, a Governor defied constitutional usage in showing partiality to one of the minority groups by sending for its leaders to form the government. As a result, the Ministry was powerless in the Legislature. It could not survive the outcome of a single division. It was deprived by a suspension of the Constitution and restored after the Governor had 'certified' the budget. Similarly, President's rule was imposed in the province of West Pakistan when he desired to humiliate the opponents of his favorite party, a party that had violated every item of its creed and gone back on each one of its commitments in a desperate effort to keep control of government.
Facts, therefore, lend on support to the colorfully dressed arguments in favor of the abrogated institutions or anything resembling them. To a man in the street they are synonymous with corruption, jobbery, double-dealing and absence of orderly government. Even if some of us still pin their faith on the revival of the old political system as the only mean of teaching democracy to our millions, their dream can only come true in a leisurely and tolerant world which would permit us to work out our Salvation by a process of trial and error spread over decades, if not centuries. After careful consideration of all the evidence produced before them the Constitution Commission were also of the view that.
“......... We shall be running a grave risk in adopting the parliamentary form, either in its purity or with the modifications suggested and we do not think we can afford to take such a risk at the present stage”.
THE PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
As an alternative to parliamentary government the other well-known and established pattern of democratic government is the presidential system. Just as the most well known example of the Parliamentary system are the institutions developed by Great Britain, the United States of America presents in its political institutions the oldest and most famous example of the Presidential system.
In a Presidential system of government, as exemplified by the American Constitutional pattern, there is a separation of powers, between the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. This separation of powers is based upon the assumption, in the words of Madison, that in a government to be administered by men over men the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. It is to oblige the government to control” itself that this separation of powers and corresponding checks and balances are considered necessary. The fundamentals of the Presidential system may be stated as follows:
