non-alignment. Not only that, I think, it was for the first time that in a formal document the Soviet Union accepted the validity of the policy of nonalignment as a major factor for peace and for reducing tensions throughout the world. So, not only has India’s policy of non-alignment been fully safeguarded but the validity of the concept of non-alignment in the context of international affairs is incorporated in Article IV of the Treaty.
I would also like to draw the attention of the House and the country to the relevant clause in the latest communiqué that was issued at the end of our Prime Minister’s visit to Moscow. This concept of non-alignment and India’s policy of nonalignment have again been specifically mentioned in the joint communiqué that was issued at the end of our Prime Minister’s visit.
The third important provision of the Treaty relates to the acceptance by the two countries of the desirability of co-operation between the two countries in the scientific field, in the technological field and in various fields for the mutual benefit of two countries. It will be an important provision according to which the advance in science and technology, the advance in latest sophisticated fields of technology, advances in the field of electronics, of other sophisticated fields in which Soviet Union undoubtedly has made tremendous progress, India on the basis of this agreement can fully get the maximum benefit by mutual co-operation which no longer depends upon the exigencies of any particular situation, but is solemnly agreed in the form of Treaty between the two countries, and under these provisions it will be of mutual benefit and, I feel, very much to India’s advantage that we can take full and complete advantage for advancing our economy, for advancing our industry, for advancing our scientific know-how and knowledge by drawing freely upon the U.S.S.R resources which are available to us in this Treaty as a result of the clauses in the Treaty.
The fourth important provision about which quite naturally a great deal of popular upsurge has been expressed in the country, is that which could broadly be described as touching upon the security aspect. This provision is contained in three clauses in the Treaty and it is important for us to understand the implications of the security aspect of this Treaty neither of the two countries will get automatically involved if the other party is involved in a military conflict. This is the real difference between this Treaty and the conventional military pact or mutual defense pact. Under those pacts, there is automatic involvement of the other country if one of the countries might be involved in an armed conflict. There is no such provision in this Treaty. There is, however, clear provision about what could be described as non-aggression, that is neither of the two countries will take any of the two countries is engaged in any armed conflict then the other country will not give any help of any type to the country that might be engaged in such a conflict with either of the contracting parties, that is. India and Soviet Union. Now, this is an important provision because in our country from time to time, and quite rightly for reasons of security, doubts were always expressed that if we are engaged in an armed conflict with any other country where is the guarantee that such other county will not continue to get aid notwithstanding the past declarations to the contrary that might have
