involved in a conflict which makes some of the editorial sermons from that area delivered of Pakistan nonsensical, ludicrous and even dishonest.
All these problems—these potential Katangas and Biafras-have led to a growing concern against intervention with increasingly vocal attempts to prevent these types of threats to peace. In December, 1965, the UN General Assembly adopted by resolution unanimously, baring one dissenting vote, a Declaration on the Inadmissibility of Intervention in the Domestic Affairs of States and the Protection of their Independence and Sovereignty
Its recitals described “armed intervention and other direct or indirect forms of interference threatening the sovereignty and political independence of states" as an “increasing threat to universal peace."
The recitals also reaffirmed the principle of non-intervention proclaimed in the Charters of the Organisation of American States, the League-of Arab States and the Organisation of African Unity... as well as in the decisions of the Asian-African Conference at Bandung and the conference of heads of non-aligned states at Belgrade and Cairo and in the Declaration on Subversion adopted by the African States at Accra
The 1965 UN Declaration then States in its First Clause:
"No State has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State. Consequently armed intervention and all other forms of interference or attempted threats against the personality of the State or against its political, economic and cultural elements, are condemned."
The Second Clause of the Declaration states, inter alia:
"...No State shall organise, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent of the regime of another State or interfere in civil strife in another State."
Finally, the Fourth Clause lays down:
"The strict observance of these obligations is an essential condition to ensure that nations live together in peace with one another, since the practice of any form of intervention not only violates the spirit and letter of the Charter of the United Nations but also leads to the creation of situations which threaten international peace and Security."
It is worth mentioning here that India was a member of the Committee, which prepared this Declaration.
III. INDIA'S ACTIONS DURING CRISIS
These, then, are the unmistakable provisions of International Law and standards of civilized conduct required of States against which India's role towards Pakistan in the East Pakistan crisis has to be judged. It will probably clear matters if one begins by dividing India's actions into those the truth of which is not disputed and those on which facts at issue may be contested by one side.
