is necessarily associated with higher mental faculty, and that therefore the features of those races that in our judgment have accomplished most are characteristics of mental superiority. We subjected these assumptions to a critical study, and discovered little evidence to support them. So many other causes were found to influence the progress of civilisation, accelerating or retarding it, and similar processes were active in so many different races, that on the whole, hereditary traits, more particularly hereditary higher gifts, were at best a possible, but not a necessary element determining the degree of advancement of a race. The second part of the fundamental assumption seemed even less likely. Hardly any evidence could be adduced to show that the anatomical characteristics of the races possessing the highest civilisation were phylogenetically more advanced than those on lower grades of culture. The various races differ in this frespect; the specifically human characteristics being most highly developed, some in one race, some in another. Furthermore, it appeared that a direct relation between physical habitus and mental endowment does not exist." অর্থাৎ আমাদের মধ্যে যে বিশ্বাস আছে যে, যে জাতির মনন-শক্তি
